/* ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
   PTL · page-research
   Research & Insights page · canon Apple-dark + trifecta naranja.
   Namespace: .res-*  (zero collision with legacy).
   Depends on: ptl-tokens + ptl-core + ptl-nav + ptl-footer.
   Build: 2026-04-16-page-research-v1
   ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */

/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
   1 · A11Y UTILITIES (skip-link, sr-only)
   ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ */
.ptl-skip {
  position: absolute;
  top: -100px;
  left: 1rem;
  z-index: var(--ptl-z-toast);
  padding: 10px 16px;
  background: var(--ptl-text);
  color: var(--ptl-surface-alt);
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 600;
  border-radius: var(--ptl-r-sm);
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: top var(--ptl-t-fast) var(--ptl-ease-out);
}
.ptl-skip:focus {
  top: 12px;
  outline: 2px solid var(--ptl-orange);
  outline-offset: 2px;
}

.sr-only {
  position: absolute;
  width: 1px;
  height: 1px;
  padding: 0;
  margin: -1px;
  overflow: hidden;
  clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
  white-space: nowrap;
  border: 0;
}

/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
   2 · PAGE SCOPE (body background + inner rail)
   ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ */
body {
  background: var(--ptl-bg);
  color: var(--ptl-text);
  font-family: var(--ptl-font);
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
}

.res-main {
  display: block;
}

.res-inner {
  max-width: var(--ptl-max);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 var(--ptl-pad-x);
}
.res-inner--center {
  text-align: center;
}

/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
   3 · TYPOGRAPHY TOKENS (page-scope)
   ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ */
.res-eyebrow {
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.15em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ptl-orange);
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.res-h1 {
  font-size: clamp(2.25rem, 5vw, 3.75rem);
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: -0.025em;
  line-height: 1.05;
  color: var(--ptl-text);
  margin: 0 0 1.25rem;
  max-width: 20ch;
}
.res-h1 strong {
  font-weight: 900;
  color: var(--ptl-text);
}

.res-h2 {
  font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 3.5vw, 2.5rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  line-height: 1.1;
  color: var(--ptl-text);
  margin: 0 0 1rem;
  max-width: 22ch;
}

.res-sub {
  font-size: clamp(1.0625rem, 1.4vw, 1.1875rem);
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--ptl-text-2);
  margin: 0 0 2rem;
  max-width: 56ch;
}

.res-inner--center .res-h1,
.res-inner--center .res-h2 {
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
}
.res-inner--center .res-sub {
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
}

/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
   4 · HERO (canon hero--interior: full-bleed surface band + inner rail)
   ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ */
.res-hero {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  padding: calc(var(--ptl-nav-h) + 5rem) 0 4rem;
  background: var(--ptl-surface);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ptl-border-soft);
  overflow: hidden;
}

.res-hero-inner {
  max-width: var(--ptl-max);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 var(--ptl-pad-x);
}

/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
   5 · PHILOSOPHY (blockquote oversize + manifesto)
   ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ */
.res-philosophy {
  padding: 5rem 0;
  content-visibility: auto;
  contain-intrinsic-size: 1px 420px;
}

.res-quote {
  font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 3vw, 2rem);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  line-height: 1.3;
  color: var(--ptl-text);
  margin: 0 0 1.5rem;
  max-width: 28ch;
  border: 0;
  padding: 0;
  quotes: "\201C" "\201D";
}
.res-quote::before { content: open-quote; color: var(--ptl-orange); margin-right: 0.05em; }
.res-quote::after  { content: close-quote; color: var(--ptl-orange); margin-left: 0.05em; }

.res-manifesto {
  font-size: 1.0625rem;
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.65;
  color: var(--ptl-text-2);
  margin: 0;
  max-width: 56ch;
}

.res-inner--center .res-quote,
.res-inner--center .res-manifesto {
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
}

/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
   6 · SECTIONS (base padding + alt band + head)
   ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ */
.res-section {
  padding: 6rem 0;
  content-visibility: auto;
  contain-intrinsic-size: 1px 900px;
}

.res-section--alt {
  background: var(--ptl-surface);
}

.res-section + .res-section {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--ptl-border-soft);
}
.res-section--alt + .res-section,
.res-section + .res-section--alt {
  border-top: none;
}

.res-section-head {
  text-align: center;
  max-width: 640px;
  margin: 0 auto 3.5rem;
}

/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
   7 · RESEARCH AREAS GRID (4 cards · image 3:1 nativo preservado)
   ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ */
.res-areas-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  gap: 1.5rem;
}

.res-area-card {
  background: var(--ptl-surface-alt);
  border: 1px solid var(--ptl-border);
  border-radius: var(--ptl-rl);
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: var(--ptl-shadow);
  transition: transform var(--ptl-t-base) var(--ptl-ease-out),
              box-shadow var(--ptl-t-base) var(--ptl-ease-out),
              border-color var(--ptl-t-base) var(--ptl-ease-out);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}
.res-area-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-4px);
  box-shadow: var(--ptl-shadow-hover);
  border-color: var(--ptl-border-strong);
}

.res-area-img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  aspect-ratio: 1124 / 371;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center;
  background: var(--ptl-surface);
}

.res-area-body {
  padding: 2rem;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  flex: 1;
}

.res-area-tag {
  display: inline-block;
  align-self: flex-start;
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  padding: 4px 10px;
  border-radius: var(--ptl-r-badge);
  background: var(--ptl-orange-ghost);
  color: var(--ptl-orange);
}

.res-area-h3 {
  font-size: 1.375rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  line-height: 1.2;
  color: var(--ptl-text);
  margin: 0.25rem 0 0;
}

.res-area-body p {
  font-size: 0.9375rem;
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--ptl-text-2);
  margin: 0;
}

/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
   8 · PUBLICATIONS LIST (asymmetric year + content rows)
   ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ */
.res-pub-list {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--ptl-border);
}

.res-pub-item {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 88px 1fr;
  gap: 2rem;
  padding: 1.75rem 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ptl-border);
  align-items: center;
  transition: background var(--ptl-t-fast) var(--ptl-ease-out);
}
.res-pub-item:hover {
  background: var(--ptl-surface);
}

.res-pub-year {
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -0.005em;
  color: var(--ptl-orange);
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.res-pub-content {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.5rem;
}

.res-pub-title {
  font-size: 1.125rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  line-height: 1.3;
  color: var(--ptl-text);
  margin: 0;
}

.res-pub-desc {
  font-size: 0.9375rem;
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.55;
  color: var(--ptl-text-2);
  margin: 0;
}

.res-pub-status {
  display: inline-block;
  align-self: flex-start;
  margin-top: 0.25rem;
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  padding: 4px 10px;
  border-radius: var(--ptl-r-badge);
  background: var(--ptl-surface-alt);
  color: var(--ptl-muted);
  border: 1px solid var(--ptl-border);
}

/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
   9 · INSIGHTS (3 cards in row · expandable panels stack below)
   ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ */
.res-insights {
  display: block;
}

.res-insights-row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 1.5rem;
  align-items: stretch;
}

.res-insights-panels {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 0;
  transition: margin-top var(--ptl-t-base) var(--ptl-ease-out);
}
.res-insights-panels:has(.res-insight-panel.is-open) {
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
}

.res-insight-card {
  background: var(--ptl-surface-alt);
  border: 1px solid var(--ptl-border);
  border-radius: var(--ptl-r);
  padding: 1.75rem;
  box-shadow: var(--ptl-shadow);
  cursor: pointer;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 1rem;
  text-align: left;
  transition: transform var(--ptl-t-base) var(--ptl-ease-out),
              box-shadow var(--ptl-t-base) var(--ptl-ease-out),
              border-color var(--ptl-t-base) var(--ptl-ease-out);
}
.res-insight-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-4px);
  box-shadow: var(--ptl-shadow-hover);
  border-color: var(--ptl-border-strong);
}
.res-insight-card:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--ptl-orange);
  outline-offset: 3px;
}
.res-insight-card[aria-expanded="true"] {
  border-color: var(--ptl-orange);
}

.res-insight-header {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 1rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.res-insight-cat {
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ptl-orange);
}

.res-insight-meta {
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--ptl-muted);
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
}
.res-insight-meta-dot {
  width: 3px;
  height: 3px;
  background: var(--ptl-muted);
  border-radius: 50%;
  display: inline-block;
}

.res-insight-title {
  font-size: 1.0625rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  line-height: 1.3;
  color: var(--ptl-text);
  margin: 0;
}

.res-insight-excerpt {
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.55;
  color: var(--ptl-text-2);
  margin: 0;
  flex: 1;
}

.res-insight-footer {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1rem;
  padding-top: 0.75rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--ptl-border-soft);
}

.res-insight-author {
  font-size: 12px;
  line-height: 1.3;
  color: var(--ptl-muted);
}
.res-insight-author strong {
  display: block;
  color: var(--ptl-text);
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 1px;
}

.res-insight-cue {
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--ptl-orange);
  white-space: nowrap;
  transition: transform var(--ptl-t-fast) var(--ptl-ease-out);
}
.res-insight-card[aria-expanded="true"] .res-insight-cue {
  transform: rotate(90deg);
}

/* ─── Expandable panel (stacked below cards-row, full-width) ─── */
.res-insight-panel {
  max-height: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  opacity: 0;
  margin-top: 0;
  border-radius: var(--ptl-rl);
  background: var(--ptl-surface-alt);
  border: 1px solid transparent;
  transition: max-height var(--ptl-t-slow) var(--ptl-ease-out),
              opacity var(--ptl-t-base) var(--ptl-ease-out),
              margin var(--ptl-t-base) var(--ptl-ease-out),
              border-color var(--ptl-t-base) var(--ptl-ease-out);
}
.res-insight-panel + .res-insight-panel.is-open {
  margin-top: 1rem;
}
.res-insight-panel.is-open {
  max-height: 4000px;
  opacity: 1;
  border-color: var(--ptl-border);
  box-shadow: var(--ptl-shadow);
}

.res-insight-panel-inner {
  padding: 3rem clamp(1.5rem, 3vw, 3rem);
}

.res-insight-panel-meta {
  display: inline-flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--ptl-muted);
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}
.res-insight-panel-meta strong {
  color: var(--ptl-orange);
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  font-size: 10px;
}

.res-insight-panel-h2 {
  font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 3vw, 2rem);
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  line-height: 1.2;
  color: var(--ptl-text);
  margin: 0 0 2rem;
  max-width: 36ch;
}

.res-article {
  max-width: 64ch;
}

.res-article p {
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
  color: var(--ptl-text-2);
  margin: 0 0 1.25rem;
}

.res-article p.res-article-lead {
  font-size: 1.0625rem;
  color: var(--ptl-text);
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.6;
  margin-bottom: 1.75rem;
}

.res-article h3 {
  font-size: 1.125rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  color: var(--ptl-text);
  margin: 2rem 0 0.75rem;
}

.res-article-callout {
  border-left: 2px solid var(--ptl-orange);
  padding: 0.5rem 0 0.5rem 1.25rem;
  margin: 1.5rem 0;
  font-size: 1.0625rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.55;
  color: var(--ptl-text);
  font-style: italic;
  max-width: 56ch;
}

.res-insight-panel-author {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  margin-top: 2.5rem;
  padding-top: 1.5rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--ptl-border);
  font-size: 13px;
  color: var(--ptl-muted);
}
.res-insight-panel-author strong {
  display: block;
  color: var(--ptl-text);
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 2px;
}

.res-insight-close {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.35rem;
  padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
  border-radius: var(--ptl-r-pill);
  border: 1px solid var(--ptl-border-strong);
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--ptl-text);
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 600;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: background var(--ptl-t-fast) var(--ptl-ease-out);
}
.res-insight-close:hover {
  background: var(--ptl-surface);
}

/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
   10 · MARKET VALIDATION (4 cards · border-left naranja — external voice)
   ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ */
.res-val-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  gap: 1.25rem;
}

.res-val-card {
  background: var(--ptl-surface-alt);
  border: 1px solid var(--ptl-border);
  border-left: 3px solid var(--ptl-orange);
  border-radius: var(--ptl-r);
  padding: 1.75rem 2rem;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.85rem;
  box-shadow: var(--ptl-shadow);
  transition: transform var(--ptl-t-base) var(--ptl-ease-out),
              box-shadow var(--ptl-t-base) var(--ptl-ease-out),
              border-color var(--ptl-t-base) var(--ptl-ease-out);
}
.res-val-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  box-shadow: var(--ptl-shadow-hover);
  border-color: var(--ptl-border-strong);
  border-left-color: var(--ptl-orange-hover);
}

.res-val-header {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 1rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.res-val-cat {
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ptl-orange);
}

.res-val-meta {
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--ptl-muted);
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
}

.res-val-title {
  font-size: 1.0625rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  line-height: 1.3;
  color: var(--ptl-text);
  margin: 0;
}

.res-val-desc {
  font-size: 0.9375rem;
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.55;
  color: var(--ptl-text-2);
  margin: 0;
}

.res-val-source {
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--ptl-muted);
  padding-top: 0.5rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--ptl-border-soft);
}
.res-val-source strong {
  color: var(--ptl-text);
  font-weight: 600;
}

/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
   11 · STAGGER DELAYS (grid children cascade)
   ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ */
.res-areas-grid .fade-up:nth-child(2) { transition-delay: 0.08s; }
.res-areas-grid .fade-up:nth-child(3) { transition-delay: 0.16s; }
.res-areas-grid .fade-up:nth-child(4) { transition-delay: 0.24s; }

.res-insights-row > .res-insight-card.fade-up:nth-child(2) { transition-delay: 0.08s; }
.res-insights-row > .res-insight-card.fade-up:nth-child(3) { transition-delay: 0.16s; }

.res-val-grid .fade-up:nth-child(2) { transition-delay: 0.08s; }
.res-val-grid .fade-up:nth-child(3) { transition-delay: 0.16s; }
.res-val-grid .fade-up:nth-child(4) { transition-delay: 0.24s; }

.res-pub-item.fade-up:nth-child(2) { transition-delay: 0.08s; }
.res-pub-item.fade-up:nth-child(3) { transition-delay: 0.16s; }
.res-pub-item.fade-up:nth-child(4) { transition-delay: 0.24s; }

/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
   12 · RESPONSIVE (1024 · 900 · 640)
   ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ */
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
  .res-insights-row {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  }
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .res-hero {
    padding: calc(var(--ptl-nav-h) + 3rem) 0 3rem;
  }
  .res-philosophy {
    padding: 3.5rem 0;
  }
  .res-section {
    padding: 4.5rem 0;
  }
  .res-section-head {
    margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
  }
  .res-areas-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 1.25rem;
  }
  .res-insights-row {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 1.25rem;
  }
  .res-val-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 1rem;
  }
  .res-pub-item {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    padding: 1.5rem 0;
  }
  .res-insight-panel-inner {
    padding: 2rem 1.5rem;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .res-inner {
    padding: 0 var(--ptl-pad-x-mobile);
  }
  .res-hero {
    padding: calc(var(--ptl-nav-h) + 2rem) 0 2.25rem;
  }
  .res-hero-inner {
    padding: 0 var(--ptl-pad-x-mobile);
  }
  .res-philosophy {
    padding: 3rem 0;
  }
  .res-section {
    padding: 3.5rem 0;
  }
  .res-area-body {
    padding: 1.5rem;
  }
  .res-insight-card {
    padding: 1.5rem;
  }
  .res-val-card {
    padding: 1.5rem 1.5rem 1.5rem 1.25rem;
  }
  .res-insight-panel-inner {
    padding: 1.75rem 1.25rem;
  }
}

/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
   13 · PREFERS-REDUCED-MOTION (nullify transforms + transitions)
   ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .res-area-card,
  .res-insight-card,
  .res-val-card,
  .res-pub-item,
  .res-insight-cue,
  .res-insight-close,
  .res-insight-panel {
    transition: none !important;
  }
  .res-area-card:hover,
  .res-insight-card:hover,
  .res-val-card:hover,
  .res-pub-item:hover {
    transform: none !important;
  }
  .res-areas-grid .fade-up,
  .res-insights-grid .fade-up,
  .res-val-grid .fade-up,
  .res-pub-list .fade-up {
    transition-delay: 0s !important;
  }
}

/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
   14 · PRINT (clean, no color, no decoration)
   ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ */
@media print {
  .res-hero {
    background: transparent;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ptl-border);
  }
  .res-insight-cue,
  .res-insight-close {
    display: none;
  }
  .res-insight-panel {
    max-height: none;
    opacity: 1;
    margin-top: 1rem;
    border: 1px solid var(--ptl-border);
    page-break-inside: avoid;
  }
  .res-area-card,
  .res-insight-card,
  .res-val-card,
  .res-pub-item {
    box-shadow: none;
    border-color: var(--ptl-border);
    break-inside: avoid;
  }
  .res-section {
    padding: 2rem 0;
    content-visibility: visible;
  }
}